Ramadan et sport : Étude pilote sur les regards de professionnels et de sportifs dans divers contextes culturels
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i7.5795Mots-clés :
Adaptations, Contexte culturel, Football de haut niveau, Impacts énergétiques, Perceptions, Ramadan, Santé mentaleRésumé
Contexte : L’observance du Ramadan pose un défi aux sportifs de haut niveau et à leur staff technique et médical, particulièrement dans des contextes culturels variés.
Objectif : Examiner les défis rencontrés par les sportifs jeûneurs du Ramadan et les membres du staff technique et médical qui les accompagnent, dans des pays à majorité et à minorité musulmane.
Méthodes : L’approche est qualitative, explorant les témoignages de ces professionnels exerçant dans des pays musulmans et non musulmans. Une analyse thématique a permis d’identifier les principaux facteurs influençant la gestion de la performance et l’adaptation au jeûne du Ramadan.
Résultats : L’analyse a dégagé quatre axes majeurs : (i) la gestion de l’énergie et de la récupération, (ii) la dimension psychologique, (iii) l’impact socioculturel, et (iv) les ajustements institutionnels et individuels. Dans les pays à majorité musulmane, l’intégration du Ramadan offre des aménagements limitant partiellement l’impact sur la performance, mais leur planification stratégique reste souvent insuffisante pour répondre aux exigences du sport de haut niveau. À l’inverse, dans les pays à minorité musulmane, l’absence quasi totale d’adaptations engendre une tension mentale et un sentiment d’isolement chez certains sportifs jeûneurs, malgré le soutien de leurs coéquipiers non musulmans.
Conclusion : Prendre en compte le Ramadan comme paramètre essentiel dans la planification sportive favorise le bien-être psychologique des athlètes jeûneurs, renforce leur autodiscipline et contribue au maintien de leur performance. Cette approche s’inscrit dans une politique inclusive, appuyée par des initiatives individuelles, et démontre la possibilité de concilier engagement religieux et excellence sportive.
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