Ramadan and sport: A pilot study on the perspectives of professionals and athletes in diverse cultural contexts

Abstract

Background: Observing Ramadan presents a challenge for elite athletes and their technical and medical staff, particularly in diverse cultural contexts.

Objective: This study aims to examine the challenges faced by Muslim athletes who fast during Ramadan and the technical and medical staff who accompany them, both in countries with a Muslim majority and in countries with a Muslim minority.

Methods: A qualitative approach was used, gathering testimonies from professionals working in countries with a Muslim and non-Muslim majority. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify the key factors affecting performance management and adaptation to the Ramadan fast.

Results: The analysis revealed four main areas: (i) energy management and recovery, (ii) psychological dimensions, (iii) sociocultural impact, and (iv) institutional and individual adjustments required. In countries with a Muslim majority, the integration of Ramadan generally makes it possible to partially mitigate the impact on performance through schedule adjustments; however, the strategic planning of these measures often remains insufficient to meet the demands of high-level sport. Conversely, in Muslim-majority countries, the almost total absence of such adaptations leads to increased mental tension and a feeling of isolation among some athletes who fast, despite the support of their non-Muslim teammates.

Conclusion: Recognizing Ramadan as an essential part of sports planning can significantly improve the psychological well-being of fasting athletes, strengthen their self-discipline, and help maintain their level of performance. This approach is part of an inclusive policy framework, reinforced by individual initiatives, and highlights the possibility of reconciling religious commitment and high-level sports performance.