Nephrocalcinosis in Tunisian children
Keywords:
children, hyperoxaluria, nephrocalcinosis, renal insufficiency, renal tubular acidosis.Abstract
Abstract:
Background: Nephrocalcinosis is rare in children. Its etiologies are multiple. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiology of nephrocalcinosis in Tunisian children.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics in Charles Nicolle Hospital during a period of 10 years (2001-2010).
Results: There were 40 children. The mean age was 3.5 years. The most common signs and symptoms at presentation were growth retardation (42.5%) and hematuria (53.8%). At presentation, renal failure was detected in 70% of patients. The diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis was performed by ultrasonography. The etiology of nephrocalcinosis included primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (65%) and distal renal tubular acidosis (20%). A progression to renal insufficiency was observed in 18 cases.
Conclusion: Primary oxaluria is the principal cause of nephrocalcinosis; early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory as they help limiting renal function deterioration.
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