Impact de l'Intelligence Artificielle sur la compétence académique en recherche médicale: Une revue exploratoire
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i10.6077Mots-clés :
Rédaction médicale , Recherche, Intelligence artificielle, Publication , Revue exploratoireRésumé
Introduction: L’effet de l'Intelligence Artificielle sur la recherche scientifique est actuellement controversé (sur-usage, refus). L'objectif de cette revue exploratoire a été de synthétiser l’impact de Generative Pre-Trained Bots (ChatGPT) sur la recherche médicale, pour une utilisation optimale.
Méthodes: Conformément aux directives PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), trois bases de données électroniques (MEDLINE, Web of Science et Scopus) ont été explorées pour l’inclusion des publications spécifiques a l’usage de ChatGPT en recherche médicale jusqu'au 30 septembre 2024. Suite à l’inclusion des publications de types revue systématique, méta-analyse et essai contrôlé randomisé, publiées en anglais ou en français, une vision synthétique et consensuelle a été extraite selon l'approche SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat).
Résultats: Parmi 120 articles identifiés au cours de la période d’étude, 33 publications ont été examinées pour décrire l'impact de ChatGPT sur les aptitudes en recherche médicale. Il ressort qu’il a été considéré comme un outil générateur d’idées innovantes et d’analyses de «Big-Data», facilitant aux chercheurs les procédures manuellement chronophages. Cependant, ses réponses seraient accompagnées par des «hallucinations», menaçant l’intégrité scientifique de la recherche médicale.
Conclusion: ChatGPT constitue une aide précieuse en recherche médicale dans ses phases conceptuelle et rédactionnelle. Ses effets pervers («hallucinations») imposent aujourd’hui, le renforcement des capacités des jeunes chercheurs aux bonnes pratiques d’usage de l’Intelligence Artificielle.
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