Application du modèle de croyance en matière de santé (HBM) pour comprendre la relation entre l'anémie et les performances scolaires chez les élèves du premier cycle du secondaire de la ville de Lhokseumawe, en Indonésie
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i8.5969Mots-clés :
Anémie, Performance scolaire , Modèle de croyance en matière de santéRésumé
Résumé : Les données du ministère indonésien de la Santé indiquent que 21,7 % de la population souffre d’anémie, avec une prévalence de 26,4 % chez les 5-14 ans et de 18,4 % chez les 15-24 ans (Hb < 12,0 g/dL). Le modèle de croyances en matière de santé (MBS) est utilisé pour identifier les modes de vie des élèves anémiques et leurs risques pour la réussite scolaire.
Objectifs : Cette étude examine la relation entre le taux d’hémoglobine et la réussite scolaire, et évalue la relation entre le modèle MBS et l’anémie.
Méthodologie : Il s’agit d’une étude transversale portant sur un échantillon de 80 élèves de 8e année de l’école secondaire SMP Negeri 1 de Lhokseumawe. Cette étude examine la relation entre le taux d'hémoglobine et la réussite scolaire, et évalue la relation entre le concept HBM et l'anémie.
Résultats : Le test du khi carré a montré une relation significative (p < 0,05) entre l'anémie et la réussite scolaire, les élèves présentant un taux d'hémoglobine normal obtenant de meilleurs résultats que ceux anémiques.
Conclusions : Ces résultats confirment l'impact de l'anémie sur la réussite scolaire, soulignant l'importance du fer pour le fonctionnement cérébral, la concentration et l'intelligence. La corrélation limitée de la plupart des concepts HBM avec l'anémie suggère une faible sensibilisation des élèves ; des interventions éducatives sont donc nécessaires pour améliorer les comportements préventifs.
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