Les nouveautés de la biopsie rénale en 2024 : Revue narrative
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i3.5562Mots-clés :
Biopsie rénale, Biopsie rénale percutanée, Technique de biopsie rénale, Biopsie liquide, Séquençage d’exomeRésumé
Introduction : La biopsie rénale se maintient comme un outil de diagnostic essentiel pour l’évaluation des affections rénales aiguës et chroniques, en parallèle de l'avancement des techniques de diagnostic alternatives.
Objectif : Cette revue propose une analyse actualisée et approfondie de l'importance, des méthodologies, des indications, des contre-indications et des conséquences associées à la biopsie du rein natif, tout en abordant les éventuelles alternatives actuellement à l’étude.
Méthodes : Nous avons intégré des recherches portant sur des sujets humains subissant une biopsie du rein natif, en utilisant diverses techniques telles que l’échographie, la tomodensitométrie guidée, la méthode percutanée, ou les méthodes laparoscopiques.
Résultats : Les améliorations dans la conception des aiguilles de biopsie et des méthodes d’imagerie ont considérablement optimisé la sécurité et la précision des biopsies, bien que des complications telles que l’hémorragie et les infections continuent de se produire. Nous avons également examiné les futurs développements dans le domaine de la biopsie rénale, notamment les applications potentielles de l’intelligence artificielle, des biomarqueurs non-invasifs et des tests génétiques. Le séquençage d’exome s’est révélé prometteur pour élucider les étiologies génétiques des maladies rénales idiopathiques, tandis que les méthodes d’intelligence artificielle commencent à améliorer la précision diagnostique.
Conclusion : Bien que les technologies émergentes puissent à terme réduire le besoin de biopsies conventionnelles, la biopsie rénale demeure à ce jour un élément fondamental du travail des néphrologues, en particulier pour les cas complexes et atypiques.
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