Production d’une carbapénèmase OXA-23 chez Acinetobacter baumannii résistant aux carbapénèmes en Tunisie
Mots-clés :
Acinetobacter baumannii, résistance à l'imipénème, épidémie, OXA-23Résumé
But: Détecter les mécanismes de résistance enzymatique chez A. baumannii résistant à l’imipénème isolé de différents services à l’hôpital Charles Nicolle de Tunis.
Méthodes: Cinquante souches d’A. baumannii résistantes à l’imipénème ont été recueillies de différents services durant l’année 2007 dans notre hôpital. Une étude de ces souches a été effectuée portant sur la détermination de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques, la production de metallo-ß-lactamase par test à l’EDTA, la production d’oxacillinase par PCR suivi d’un séquençage et le typage moléculaire par méthode d’électrophorèse en champ pulsé.
Résultats : Les souches sont isolées essentiellement dans le service de chirurgie (62%) et les unités de soins intensifs (22%). Elles présentent un haut niveau de résistance aux ß-lactamines testés : ticarcilline (CMI50 >2048μg/ml), ticarcilline-acide clavulanique (CMI50 >1024μg/ml), aztréonam (CMI50 = 512μg/ml), céftazidime (CMI50 = 512 μg/ml), imipénème (CMI50 = 512μg/ml), méropénème (CMI50 = 128μg/ml) et céfépime (CMI50 = 256μg/ml). Toutes les souches étaient non productrices de métallo-ßlactamase.
La coexistence des gènes blaOXA-51-like/ blaOXA-23- like a été détectée dans 82% des souches (n = 41). Aucunes des souches n’étaient productrices de blaOXA-24-like et blaOXA-58- like. Toutes les souches possédaient le gène blaOXA-51-like. Le séquençage a confirmé la présence des gènes blaOXA-23 et
blaOXA-69. L’analyse des souches par électrophorèse en champ pulsé a permis de distinguer 8 profils différents dont un clone majoritaire A (n=41) suivi par les clones B (n=1), C (n=1), D(n=1), E (n=1), F(n=2), G (n=1) et H (n=2).
Conclusion : La production d'OXA-23 était le principal mécanisme de résistance aux carbapénèmes chez A. baumannii. Le renforcement des mesures d'hygiène sont exigés pour contrôler davantage la propagation des carbapénèmases en Tunisie.
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