Surveillance de la santé mentale des athlètes durant le mois de Ramadan
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i7.5823Mots-clés :
Dépression, Exercice, Jeûne, Surveillance, Stress physiologiqueRésumé
Introduction: Les athlètes musulmans jeûnant pendant le Ramadan subissent des modifications de leurs habitudes alimentaires, de sommeil et d’entraînement, susceptibles d’affecter leur santé mentale. Dans ce contexte, une évaluation rigoureuse et adaptée de leur santé mentale s’avère nécessaire durant cette période.
Méthodes: Cette fiche technique adopte une approche conceptuelle fondée sur le modèle biopsychosocial du bien-être. Elle s’appuie sur une synthèse critique de la littérature, incluant des articles originaux, des revues systématiques, des méta-analyses, et des revues narratives, afin de proposer un cadre structuré et adapté au contexte du Ramadan pour la surveillance de la santé mentale des athlètes.
Résultats: L’approche retenue combine des outils d’évaluation globaux et spécifiques intégrant les dimensions physique, mentale et sociale du bien-être. L’échelle de qualité de vie développée par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (administrée de manière hebdomadaire) permet un suivi global, tandis que l’échelle d’humeur à six dimensions, utilisée quotidiennement, détecte les variations de l’état d’humeur. L’évaluation de l’effort perçu et de la récupération physique repose sur des outils simples mesurant le sommeil, la fatigue, les douleurs musculaires et le stress. En complément, l’utilisation de montres connectées permet un suivi en continu et objectif des paramètres psychophysiologiques tels que la fréquence cardiaque, sa variabilité, le sommeil et le niveau de stress.
Conclusion: Une évaluation continue et multidimensionnelle de la santé mentale est essentielle durant le Ramadan afin de préserver la santé globale des athlètes. Une formation spécifique des entraîneurs et des équipes médicales à la surveillance de la santé mentale s’avère également indispensable.
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