Caractérisation du profile immunologique despatients algériens atteints d’une trisomie 21.
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.62438/tunismed.v103i11.5770Mots-clés :
Syndrome de Down, infections récurrentes, phénotypage lymphocytaire, lymphopénie T, déficit immunitaire combiné, immunoglobulines sériquesRésumé
Objectif: établir un profil immunologique caractéristique despatients algériens attaints de trisomie21 (T21).
Méthodes: le dosage pondéraldes immunoglobulines sériques a été realize par néphélémétrie. Les sous-populations lymphocytaires ont été analyses par cytométrie en flux(FACSLyric™,BD Biosciences,US). Les resultants du phénotypage lymphocytaire despatients trisomiques ont été compares à ceux des patients attaints de deficit immunitaire combiné(DIC).
Résultats: l’étude a inclus 33 patients trisomiques et 40 patients atteints deDIC,tous présentant des antécédents d’infections sévères ou récurrentes,notamment des infections respiratoires chez 25 patients. Le dosage des immunoglobulines,réalisé chez 29 patients,a révélé des taux normaux d’IgG, Ig AetIg M chez respectivement 83%,73% et 80% des patients,des taux augmentés chez14%,17%
et 3%,et des taux diminués chez 3%,10% et 17%. Le phénotypage lymphocytaire a mis en évidence une lymphopénie TCD4+chez 24 patients(73%),une lymphopénieTCD8+chez 19 patients (58%),une lymphopénie B chez 16 patients(48%)et NK chez 7patients (21%). L’analyse des lymphocytesT naïfs, réalisée chez 9 patients, a montré des pourcentages diminués chez trois. Les patients trisomiques avaient des taux significativement plus élevés de lymphocytesTCD3+etTCD4+que ceux observés
chez les patients DIC.
Conclusion: les patients trisomiques presentent des lymphopénies Tet B,avec des taux d’immunoglobulines globalement dans les normes.La lymphopénie observe chez les patients trisomiques est moins prononcée que celle observé au cours des DIC .La susceptibilité a ccrueaux infections semble résulte de facteurs immunologiques et non immunologiques associés à laT21
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