Fibrillation atriale et hypertension artérielle : Etat de l’art
Mots-clés :
Fibrillation atriale, hypertension artérielle, hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche, système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone, embolie, insuffisance cardiaque, accident vasculaire cérébral.Résumé
La fibrillation atriale et l'hypertension artérielle coexistent fréquemment. Leur incidence est en augmentation constante du fait du vieillissement des populationset elles sont responsables d’une morbi-mortalité considérable. La relation entre ces 2 maladies a été longtemps discutée et déterminée par des études cliniques. L’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche et le remodelage auriculaire gauche au cours de l’hypertension artérielle favorisent le développement de la fibrillation atriale. La fibrillation atriale au cours de l'hypertension artérielle augmente le risque de complications thromboemboliques et d'insuffisance cardiaque. Chez les patients hypertendus, le traitement pharmacologique peut améliorer le remodelage cardiaque et retarder voire prévenir l'apparition de ce trouble du rythme. Une fois la fibrillation atriale installée, le traitement doit être axé sur le contrôle de la fréquence cardiaque ou du rythme ainsi que sur la prévention des accidents thromboemboliques. Le contrôle strict de la pression artérielle est de mise quel que soit le stade évolutif de la fibrillation atriale.
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Références
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